A Study of the Palaeoclimate and Tectonic Setting of Bhuban Sandstone of Surma Basin in the Indo-Burmese Tectonic Collision Zone of Mizoram

Benjamin L. Chhangte* Jimmy Lalnunmawia** C. Zoramthara*** Zairemmawii**** Christopher Lalthazuala*****

C. Lalremruatfela****** Lawmsangzuali Kawilam*******

Abstract

The Bhuban sandstones of the Surma Group in Kolasib District of Mizoram constitute an important sedimentary unit within the Indo-Burmese Ranges. This study integrates detailed petrographic observations with major and trace element geochemical data to reconstruct the provenance, paleoredox conditions, paleosalinity and tectonic setting of the Bhuban sandstones of Surma Group. Major oxide geochemistry was employed to calculate the C-value which ranges from 0.24 to 1.15, indicating deposition under semi-arid to warm humid climatic conditions with moderate to intense chemical weathering of the felsic source rocks. Paleosalinity conditions was determined using Sr/Ba ratios (0.22-0.59) and the Sr-Ba discrimination diagram suggesting a transitional brackish to freshwater environment with dominant continental influence, consistent with a near-shore fluvio deltaic depositional system. Redox-sensitive trace element ratios such as V/Ni (1.0-2.21), V/Cr, U/Th (0.05-0.29) and Ni/Co versus V/Ni discrimination plots, indicate predominantly oxic- to sub-oxic depositional conditions, reflecting well-oxygenated shallow-water environments. Tectonic discrimination diagrams based on major and immobile trace elements, including QFL and QmFL plots, La-Th-Sc ternary diagrams, La/Sc versus Ti/Zr bivariate plots indicated that the Bhuban sandstones were primarily derived from Active Continental Margin. The petrographic characteristic predominated by quartz along with fewer presence of feldspars and rock fragments inferred recycled orogenic provenance.

Keywords: Bhuban sandstone, Mizoram, Surma group, palaeoclimate, palaeodepositional environment, tectonic setting

DOI: https://doi.org/10.67067/MEJ.2026.XII207

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Educational Mobility and Public Employment in Mizoram: Assessing the Role of Income and Institutional Background

K. Lalkroschhuanga* Prof. Benjamin L. Saitluanga**

Abstract

A systematic analysis of the socio-economic and educational backgrounds of successful candidates recruited through the Mizoram Public Service Commission (MPSC) has remained largely unexplored. In Mizoram, where government employment continues to be one of the most secure and preferred occupations due to limited alternative employment opportunities, recruitment through the MPSC carries significant socio-economic importance. The present study examines the relationship between family income, educational background, and public employment attainment among successful candidates recruited through the Commission. The study is based on both primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected from successful candidates through a simple random sampling method, while secondary data were obtained from official reports, statistical publications, government records, and relevant literature. The analysis focuses on educational dimensions such as places of study, ownership patterns of institutions, medium of instruction, and academic performance. The findings reveal considerable disparities in educational mobility and institutional access across income groups. Higher-income families possess greater access to institutions outside the state, English-medium education, and wider academic exposure. The study also highlights the dominant role of government institutions and the increasing importance of English-medium and bilingual education in shaping recruitment outcomes. The findings underscore the need for policies aimed at reducing educational inequalities and promoting equitable access to educational opportunities and public employment.

Keywords: income, public employment, educational mobility, educational inequality

DOI: https://doi.org/10.67067/MEJ.2026.XII206

 

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Socio-Demographic correlates of Impulsivity in Patients with Schizophrenia

Ramdintluangi* Zokaitluangi**

Abstract

Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder that is characterised by profound disturbances in cognition, emotion and behaviour. Despite its prevalence in the Indian population, studies about the disorder are at an infant stage with socio-demographic and psychological correlates remaining a critical yet underexplored aspect, particularly in the Mizoram context. The present study aimed to investigate the socio-demographic profile of 40 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia in different hospitals in Mizoram and compare them with matched healthy controls on Impulsivity using Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version 11 (BIS-11). The findings revealed high prevalence of low educational attainment (72%), unemployment (78%), rural residence (56%), low income (62%), winter birth (78%), substance use (62%) and history of psychiatric illness in family (86%) with a significantly higher level of impulsivity among patients with schizophrenia as compared to healthy controls (p<0.01). The study also highlights the influence of social disadvantages, environmental stress and neuropsychological dysfunction in the manifestation and outcome of schizophrenia, further implicating the need for early identification, prevention and integration of socio-demographic risk profiling in clinical practice.

Keywords: Schizophrenia, healthy controls, socio-demographic profile, impulsivity

DOI: https://doi.org/10.67067/MEJ.2026.XII204

 

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Analysis of Class V English Textbook used by Schools under the Mizoram Board of School Education

Ramngaihzuali* Dr. Mary L. Renthlei**

Abstract

The research is an analysis of Class V English textbook with special reference to teaching and learning of English grammar. The researcher used Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy (2001) as a guideline for analysing the cognitive processes of the textbook. The findings include an analysis of the activities and exercises in the textbook where it was concluded that the textbook is appropriately organised and good enough for teaching and learning of English grammar. There are 577 activity items in the English textbook where it was found that the number of “Apply” level items is comparatively higher as compared to the other levels of learning.

Keywords: Mizoram Board of School Education, Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy (2001), cognitive process.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.67067/MEJ.2026.XII205

 

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A Stream-Wise Study of the Personal ICT Resources of College Students in Mizoram and their Use in Preparing Learning Materials

Dr.Vanlalruati* Prof. Lalhmasai Chuaungo**

Abstract

The present study aimed to explore “A Stream-Wise Study of the Personal ICT Resources of College Students in Mizoram and their Use in Preparing Learning Materials.” All the general colleges in Mizoram offering arts, science and commerce teachers formed population of the present study. Out of the 27 colleges, 18 general colleges in the state were selected as sample colleges through multi-stage sampling technique. Further, a sample of 1085 college students comprising of 525 from arts, 285 from science and 275 from commerce streams in each sample college representing arts, science and commerce streams were selected by following simple random sampling method. Majority of college students in Mizoram did not possess ICT resources required for education such as desktop computer, laptop, tablet, printer and wi-fi/internet access. Cell phone was the single ICT resource possessed by large majority (82.2%) of the students. As a whole, profile of college students in Mizoram based on personal ICT resources possessed and their use for preparation of learning materials was not good. The findings reveal that college students in Mizoram hardly used their personal ICT resources for preparation of learning materials.

Keywords: ICT resources, college students, stream-wise study

DOI: https://doi.org/10.67067/MEJ.2026.XII203

 

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